ietf-corpus

rfc-9905

Deprecating the Use of SHA-1 in DNSSEC Signature Algorithms

W. Hardaker, W. Kumari
date2025-11 streamIETF areaops wgdnsop statusPROPOSED STANDARD pages5 canonicalhttps://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9905 doi10.17487/RFC9905
This document deprecates the use of the RSASHA1 and RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1 algorithms for the creation of DNS Public Key (DNSKEY) and Resource Record Signature (RRSIG) records. It updates RFCs 4034 and 5155 as it deprecates the use of these algorithms.

updates

Extracted elements (11)

design-rationale §1

SHA-1's cryptographic security has been diminishing over time as various attacks have weakened its underpinnings; multiple stronger algorithms are now widely available, and some implementations have already removed SHA-1 support, making it no longer fully interoperable in DNSSEC.

dns, security, crypto

interoperability-note §4

Operators must take care when deploying software packages and operating systems that may have already removed SHA-1 support; manual builds may be needed to continue supporting required validation levels during the transition.

dns, security

interoperability-note §1

Support for validating SHA-1-based DNSSEC signatures has been removed from some systems, meaning SHA-1 as part of a DNSSEC signature algorithm is no longer fully interoperable. Implementations must continue to support validation for backward compatibility during the transition period.

dns, security

normative-requirement §2 MUST

If no other DS records of accepted cryptographic algorithms are available, the DNS records below the delegation point MUST be treated as insecure.

dns, security

normative-requirement §2 MUST

Operators of validating resolvers MUST treat DNSSEC signing algorithms RSASHA1 and RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1 as unsupported, rendering responses insecure if they cannot be validated by other supported signing algorithms.

dns, security

normative-requirement §2 MUST NOT

The RSASHA1 and RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1 algorithms MUST NOT be used when creating DNSKEY and RRSIG records.

dns, security, crypto

normative-requirement §2 MUST

Validating resolver implementations MUST continue to support validation using RSASHA1 and RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1 algorithms, as they are diminishing in use but still actively used by some domains as of publication.

dns, security

registry §5

IANA updated the RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1 (number 7) entry in the 'DNS Security Algorithm Numbers' registry: 'Use for DNSSEC Signing' is MUST NOT; 'Implement for DNSSEC Signing' is NOT RECOMMENDED; 'Use for DNSSEC Validation' is RECOMMENDED; 'Implement for DNSSEC Validation' is MUST.

dns, registry, security, crypto

registry §5

IANA updated the RSASHA1 (number 5) entry in the 'DNS Security Algorithm Numbers' registry: 'Use for DNSSEC Signing' is MUST NOT; 'Implement for DNSSEC Signing' is NOT RECOMMENDED; 'Use for DNSSEC Validation' is RECOMMENDED; 'Implement for DNSSEC Validation' is MUST.

dns, registry, security, crypto

registry §5

IANA updated the SHA-1 (value 1) entry in the 'Digest Algorithms' registry: 'Use for DNSSEC Delegation' and 'Implement for DNSSEC Delegation' are set to MUST NOT; 'Use for DNSSEC Validation' is RECOMMENDED; 'Implement for DNSSEC Validation' is MUST.

dns, registry, security

security-consideration §3

RSASHA1 and RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1 are deprecated for DNSSEC delegation and signing because these algorithms are no longer considered to be secure, due to progressive weakening of SHA-1's cryptographic underpinnings.

dns, security, crypto